double ended hex flange studs

As time passed, the demand for stronger and more durable screws led to the development of metal screws. These early metal screws were made from iron or bronze and were significantly stronger than their wooden counterparts. They were also easier to produce, thanks to advances in metallurgy and manufacturing techniques. Metal screws quickly became a staple in construction, engineering, and other fields where strength and durability were paramount Metal screws quickly became a staple in construction, engineering, and other fields where strength and durability were paramount Metal screws quickly became a staple in construction, engineering, and other fields where strength and durability were paramount Metal screws quickly became a staple in construction, engineering, and other fields where strength and durability were paramountss tek screws.

...

The choice of materials in bolt construction is paramount as it directly influences the strength and durability of the component. Common materials used for bolts include high-carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel, each offering different mechanical properties to suit specific environments. For example, stainless steel bolts exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, making them ideal for applications in maritime environments and industries that handle corrosive substances. In contrast, high-carbon steel bolts offer enhanced tensile strength, which can be critical for high-stress applications.


bolt structure

bolt

...

A wafer head screw, as the name suggests, has a flat, thin, and circular head, resembling a wafer. The head is usually larger than the screw's body, providing a broad bearing surface that distributes the load evenly and reduces the chances of damage to the material being fastened. The self-tapping attribute refers to the screw's ability to cut its way through the material it is inserted into, forming threads as it goes, hence the term self-tapping.

...