In the United States, ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards define the specifications for shear studs. For instance, ASTM A108 has specifications for carbon steel shear studs, which are often used due to their strength and ease of welding. The tolerances for size are usually specified to ensure consistency in performance and reliability in construction.

Self-drilling screws have become a popular choice for many construction and engineering projects due to their convenience and efficiency. These screws eliminate the need for pre-drilling a hole before inserting them, saving both time and effort. One type of self-drilling screws that is commonly used is the 4% self-drilling screw.

Chipboard fixings, also known as particleboard fixings, are essential components for securing chipboard sheets together or attaching them to other materials. Chipboard is made from compressed wood particles bonded together with adhesive, making it a cost-effective and versatile building material. However, chipboard is not as strong as solid wood and requires appropriate fixings to ensure a secure and long-lasting connection.