countersunk self tapper

Structural bolts are made from high-strength materials such as grade 5 or grade 8 steel, making them resistant to corrosion and wear. They are heat-treated to achieve the necessary tensile strength, which can range from 120,000 to 180,000 pounds per square inch (psi). This high-strength capacity is crucial for withstanding the dynamic forces and stresses that structures face over time, including wind, seismic activity, and the weight of the structure itself.

...

In conclusion, weld shear connector studs are a critical component in the construction industry, providing a strong and reliable connection between concrete slabs and steel beams or girders. Proper design, installation, and maintenance of these studs are essential to ensure the stability and integrity of a structure. By selecting high-quality studs and conducting regular inspections, construction professionals can help to prevent failures and ensure the long-term performance of their structures.

...