Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a chemically inert inorganic compound and an insoluble white solid that occurs naturally in several minerals, including rutile, anatase, and brookite. It is created synthetically from the mineral ilmenite. It is an insoluble white solid. Anatase, when compared to brookite and routine, has the most industrial applications, but it is the most toxic form of TiO2.

Aside from its use in paints, coatings, plastics, and paper, TiO2 is also utilized in a variety of other industrial applications. It is commonly found in cosmetics, sunscreens, and food products, where it serves as a safe and effective whitening agent. TiO2 is also used in the production of ceramics, glass, and textiles, where it enhances their appearance, durability, and resistance to fading.

The assessment was conducted following a rigorous methodology and taking into consideration many thousands of studies that have become available since EFSA’s previous assessment in 2016, including new scientific evidence and data on nanoparticles. 

THE OBSCURE HISTORY OF A UBIQUITOUS PIGMENT: PHOSPHORESCENT LITHOPONE AND ITS APPEARANCE ON DRAWINGS BY JOHN LA FARGE