Rebecca Capua is an assistant conservator in the Paper Conservation Department at the Metropolitan Museum of Art since 2009. She received an MA in art history and an Advanced Certificate in art conservation from the Conservation Center, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University in 2007. Her primary area of research is on the materials of American artists of the late 19th and early 20th century. Address: The Sherman Fairchild Center for the Conservation of Works on Paper, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028. Email: rebecca.capua@metmuseum.org.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles may accumulate and cause DNA damage

CAS: 1345-05-7

Among the raw materials for coating production, titanium dioxide is more ideal, followed by lithopone. The covering power of lithopone is only that of titanium dioxide, and the price of lithopone is much lower than that of titanium dioxide, so lithopone still occupies a large market share.

Lithopone

One of the most widely used food pigments is titanium dioxide, an odorless powder that enhances the white color or opacity of foods and over-the-counter products, including coffee creamers, candies, sunscreen, and toothpaste (1Trusted Source, 2Trusted Source).

History[edit]

There are numerous manufacturers of titanium dioxide; the largest include Delaware-based Chemours (a spin-off of DuPont Chemical), Texas-based Kronos, and China-based Lomon Billions Group, all of which manufacture pigments for use in products like paints, coatings, and plastics. UK-based Venator is a major supplier of titanium dioxide used in food and cosmetics, along with paints, paper, plastic, and more. As a pigment, it is called Pigment White 6 (PW6), titanium white, or CI 77891. As a food additive, it is known as E171.

Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a key inorganic compound renowned for its exceptional photocatalytic properties, stability, and versatility in various applications. Among the various crystalline forms of titanium dioxide, anatase is particularly favored in industries ranging from paints and coatings to cosmetics and solar cells. The rise of anatase titanium dioxide manufacturers is a testament to the compound’s increasing importance in modern technology and environmental applications.

In conclusion, lithopone is an essential ingredient in the leather industry, providing both aesthetic appeal and practical benefits for leather suppliers. Its ability to create vibrant colors, excellent covering power, cost-effectiveness, and versatility make it a valuable asset in the production of high-quality leather goods. By choosing the right lithopone suppliers and incorporating this pigment into their manufacturing process, leather suppliers can enhance the appeal and durability of their products to meet the demands of the market.

Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder is widely used in coatings, printing ink, rubber, plastic industry, etc.

Stability and darkening

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a naturally occurring mineral that is mined from the earth, processed and refined, and added to a variety of foods, as well as other consumer products. White in color, it is used to enhance the color and sheen of certain foods and is also key for food safety applications. In its natural state it exists in different bulk crystalline forms, such as anatase and rutile, but during processing it is ground into a very fine powder.

The FDA has not updated its general guidance on safety assessments since 2007. Within that time, there has been a significant increase in research on the confluence of toxicology, nanotechnology and human health. The EU updates its guidance regularly with new science available to offer proper safety assessments, with its most recent update published in 2021.