Figure 4.5. Rubber reinforced with carbon black and CNT nanocomposite for better performance in tyre [42].
(1) Shaft speed Due to design and structural reasons, high-speed shafts should use high-speed oil seals, low-speed shafts should use low-speed oil seals, and low-speed oil seals cannot be used on high-speed shafts, and vice versa.
- Now, thoroughly clean both the valve cover and the cylinder head surface with a suitable solvent to remove all old gasket material and any buildup

Auto spark plugs are critical components in the ignition systems of internal combustion engines in vehicles. These plugs play a pivotal role in igniting the air-fuel mixture within the engine cylinders, initiating the combustion process that powers the vehicle. High-quality auto spark plugs are essential for ensuring efficient fuel combustion, optimal engine performance, and reduced emissions, directly impacting the overall efficiency and environmental impact of the vehicle.

Heat resistance


Figure 4.6. Rubber reinforced with carbon black and CNT nanocomposite to reduce the accumulation of heat in tyre [42].
Various materials with unique properties are utilised in the construction of rotary shaft seals, allowing manufacturers to tailor the sealing solution to specific industry requirements and ensure optimal performance.
An outer case, a body made of metal or provided with a rubber layer
Like any element of the engine, oil seals are subject to wear. Over time they can lead to possible leaks of lubricating liquid.